Evaluación diagnóstica y manejo terapéutico farmacológico en pacientes con fibrilación auricular

Orlando Robert Sequeira, Judith María Torales, Laura Beatriz García, Osmar Antonio Centurión

Resumen


La fibrilación auricular (FA) es la arritmia sostenida más frecuente que puede presentarse en una amplia variedad de condiciones clínicas. A pesar de los progresos en el tratamiento de los pacientes con FA, esta arritmia sigue siendo una de las más importantes causas de accidente cerebrovascular, insuficiencia cardiaca, muerte súbita y morbilidad cardiovascular en todo el mundo. El objetivo del tratamiento con fármacos antiarrítmicos es mejorar los síntomas relacionados con la FA, y buscar un equilibrio entre la carga sintomática, la posibilidad de reacciones farmacológicas adversas y las preferencias del paciente. El control de la frecuencia cardiaca a corto y largo plazo se puede lograr con bloqueadores beta, digoxina, bloqueadores de los canales del calcio o tratamiento combinado. Si bien otros fármacos antiarrítmicos de clase III también tienen un efecto limitador de la frecuencia, solo deben emplearse para el control del ritmo cardiaco. Restaurar y mantener el ritmo sinusal también es una parte integral del tratamiento de la FA. Los fármacos antiarrítmicos de clase III duplican la tasa de pacientes en ritmo sinusal. El tratamiento para el control del ritmo está indicado para mejorar los síntomas de los pacientes con FA que siguen sintomáticos a pesar del tratamiento adecuado para el control de la frecuencia cardiaca. La combinación de antiarrítmicos que prolongan el intervalo QT no se debe emplear para el control del ritmo cardiaco en la FA.

Palabras clave


Fibrilación Auricular; tratamiento farmacológico; agentes anti-arrítmicos.

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Referencias


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